Classical Conditioning and Behaviorism Essay - 1096 Words

Classical Conditioning and Behaviorism When taking psychology classes I have always enjoyed learning about behaviorism because it seems so cut and dry; if someone wanted to get a clear understanding or their fellow man, all they would have to do is sit back and observe. With behaviorism there is no Id, Ego or Superego to take into account, just raw behavior. While this approach seems simple enough, I feel that it can only offer an incomplete window into seeing how people function and react with various things on a day to day basis. I don’t feel that behaviorism alone can define people on their interaction with the environment they are presented. Freud was on psychologist who voiced concerns to this as well. Freud believed that while†¦show more content†¦Looking at Watson’s body of works some of it can seem somewhat comical because some of his observations seem to be common sense. In behaviorism by John B. Watson he explains and gives examples of behaviorism at work in everyday life. One example go’s as follows. â€Å"If I am hungry, stomach contractions begin to drive me ceaselessly to and fro† Yes it was a different time the n but come on Watson. â€Å"If in this restlessness I spy apples on a tree, I immediately climb the tree and pluck the apples and begin to eat. When surfeited the stomach contractions cease†.(Watson 14-15). Maybe too many people have read this book and that is why America is an obese nation. If we all experienced being hungry and ate until the p hysical and emotional effects that came with being hungry we’d be in trouble, everyone know if you eat and still feel hungry you should give your body time to process some of the food you have eaten, however if your eating Chinese food that is an entirely different animal altogether. Watson’s experimentations on Albert are now seen by some as gross abuse of his powers as a practitioner of science. Albert was born with a number of congenital conditions that should have excluded him as viableShow MoreRelatedBehaviorism: Classical Conditioning1197 Words   |  5 PagesThere are four primary conditioning theories of behaviorism. These four theories are Pavlov’s (1849-1936) classical conditioning, Thorndike’s (1874-1949) connectionism (also known as law of effect), Guthrie s (1886-1959) contiguous conditioning, and Skinner’s (1904-1990) operant conditioning. According to the text (Shunk 2012) Classical conditioning was discovered around the beginning of the 20th century by Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov. Pavlov was studying digestive process in dogs when heRead MoreBehaviorism And Classical Conditioning And Operant Conditioning Essay1504 Words   |  7 PagesBehaviorism is one of many theories in the field of psychology. It can be applied in different learning scenarios for different research purposes. Biographical information will be provided about the founders of the theory who are John B. Watson and B. F. Skinner. However, the information will focus more on their early education and known achievements. Furthermore, you will find different theories regarding behaviorism such as classical conditioning and operant conditioning. In order to understandRead MoreBehaviorism Theory Of Classical Conditioning1700 Words   |  7 Pages Behaviorism is a theory that behavior can be altered through conditioning. Behaviorism does not focus on thoughts or feelings of the subject, just their behavior. Ivan Pavlov was a major part of this movement of behaviorism with his theory of classical conditioning. The most important part of classical conditioning is that it is done through repetition. In his experiment he began with noticing that an unconditioned stimulus like dog food causes an unconditioned response like salivation. He thenRead MoreBehaviorism, Operant And Classical Conditioning1309 Words   |  6 Pagesideas and concepts and challenging them until they figured out how behavior works. Behaviorism is a school of thought that was joined from no other than John B. Watson. Behaviorism is the theory or doctrine that human or animal psychology can be accurately studied only through the examination and analysis of objectively observable and quantifiable behavioral events, in contrast with subjective mental states. Behaviorism was a movement in psychology and philosophy that emphasized the outward behavioralRead MoreThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning And Behaviorism753 Words   |  4 Pagesexperiment of how dog salivate before and after conditioning. His fundamental study was based on digestion and behaviors that are evoked during an event and an anticipate response. Yet, his experiment awoke the twentieth century by a different type of learning called Classical conditioning, which is a compulsory or unconditional type of learning from one stimulus to another through a response. The master of classical conditioning and behaviorism For many centuries ago, various studiesRead MoreBehaviorism and Classical Conditioning Essay3350 Words   |  14 Pagesconcepts, that of Behaviorism (Moore, 1921). Since the original behavioral theories were studied by scientists such as Edward Thorndike and John B. Watson, there have been many variations of the behaviorist view that have surfaced over the years. In this paper I will attempt to give a detailed description of the history of behaviorism including information about some of the most influential men associated with this movement. I will also explain the methodologies associated with behaviorism such as classicalRead MoreJohn B. Watson s Theory Of Psychology1048 Words   |  5 Pagesan enduring influence on psychology. Possibly his biggest contributions to psychology were his theory of behaviorism and his experiment on Little Albert. Though Watson’s experiments were extremely unethical and behaviorism doesn’t account for biological psychology, Watson was a n extremely remarkable psychologist because of his principal of behaviorism and his findings on classical conditioning. Background John Broadus Watson was born on January 8, 1878 in Travelers Rest, South Carolina. Watson’s familyRead MoreBehaviorism The Developmental Grand Theory1525 Words   |  7 PagesBehaviorism the Developmental Grand Theory Hillary C. Wade Cisco College Author Note This paper was prepared for Psychology 2314 Lifespan Growth and Development, Fall Mini-Semester, Taught by Linda Grant. Abstract Out of all the theories of lifespan development, behaviorism has proven to be the most efficient explanation of how we grow and adapt with our environments. Also known as the learning theory, it was developed by John B. Watson, and with major contributions from B.F. Skinner and Ivan PavlovRead MoreBehaviorism s Theory Of Psychology983 Words   |  4 PagesClassification Behaviorism claims that â€Å"consciousness† is neither defined nor unable concept; that it is merely another word for the â€Å"soul† of more ancient time (Watson, 1970). However, behaviorism holds the subject matter of human psychology it focus on the behavior or activities of the human being. Etymology The word behaviorism originates from the Middle French word behavior, meaning the observable activity in human and animal. This term was coined in 1913 by the United States psychologistRead MoreHow Two Incredibly Innovative Behavior Theorists During Their Time Were By John B. Watson1014 Words   |  5 PagesAmanda Blom EDS 6123 - Educational Practices I Dr. Barbara Murray 20 November 2014 Supervision Research Paper Two incredibly innovative behavior theorists during their time were, John B. Watson, and B. F. Skinner. The spark of the behaviorism movement began after Watson published the classic article Psychology as the behaviorist views it in 1913 (McLeod, 2004). John B. Watson’s prestigious career began in 1903 when he learned his doctorate degree in psychology with a minor in philosophy. Soon

Student Retention Is A Growing Problem - 1297 Words

Many colleges and universities throughout the United States and several other countries face a common problem. Student retention is a growing problem across the nation for all ethnic groups and all ages. Each individual who chooses to drop out of school has their own personal reasons as to why they do. However, many drops out can be completely avoided. When students drop out they are not clearly thinking about how it’s going to affect their future, the future of their children and even grandchildren. Although there are several reasons as to why students drop out of school, we will be exploring a few as it relates to why student retention is a growing problem. Transitioning into higher education presents challenges for all students, whether it’s their age or previous educational history. Numerous individuals are extremely nervous as they are entering into an advanced environment such as higher education. This because college is a new learning environment at a completely different level. However, freshmen find college to be difficult at first because it’s harder for them to adjust. That’s why many universities should have student centers in place to help students. Student centers give students the pathway for flexible learning as it results in being successful in higher education (BauÃ… ¾ienÄâ€" VosyliÃ… «tÄâ€" 2015). Lin and Tsai (2008) used a quantitative approach to understanding student retention; however, they used their research to understand students’ loyalty. As fast asShow MoreRelatedAnalytics : A Major Aspect Of Higher Education895 Words   |  4 Pagesservice a multitude of students therefore analytics is an essential tool to keep track of the progress of the students as well as the services that they are provided. The boom of community colleges utilizing analytics occurred in 2004 with the Achieve the Dream initiative. Achieving the Dream was created with the attentions of providing resources for students who â€Å"traditionally have faced the most significant barriers to success, including low-income students and students of color† (www.mdrc.org)Read MoreIntroduction. Historically Black Colleges And Universities1300 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU) are experiencing low retention rates with first generation college students. The students are not graduating within a four to six year enrollment period, and or are not returning after their freshmen year. As the American workforce looks to colleges and universities to fulfill the workforce pipeline with educated diverse workers, HBCUs are in the spotlight to produce qualified minority graduates. Moreover, HBCU’s are looking to refineRead MoreIzmir National University1188 Words   |  5 Pageswithin recent years. The faculty in the Business school is unable to keep up with the growing demand of students, this has led to confusion, lack of funding and resources and chaos among employees. The newly recruited Dekan has been able to spot these growing problems and has taken the first step in trying to alleviate them by opening the lines of communication and asking for input from employees. Key Problems By opening the lines of communication and reviewing the comments from faculty membersRead MoreOnline Learning And Online Education1115 Words   |  5 Pagesclassroom. Although a large number of American students believe that online learning is a valuable education tool, numerous research studies have shown quite the opposite. Online students have lower communication skills, are able to cheat easier, and have drastically different grade point averages. Thousands of students across the country have taken to going to school online, thinking that they are receiving the same quality of education as a student in a traditional classroom. What they do not knowRead MoreThe Importance of Education685 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Student attrition: Presentation Sometimes, the most important part of life is just showing up. This old clichÃÆ' © is also true about getting an education: once students have been accepted to an institution, they need to show up to their classes, and continue to show up throughout their academic lives at the institution. However, when students drop out of school, they usually do so by the end of their first year. This is true of transfers as well as new freshman. Often, the source of attritionRead MoreThe Year Round Schooling System Essay947 Words   |  4 Pages The traditional school calendar used by most schools in the United States stems from the original agrarian calendar as students were often called to tend to crops in the summer. This was thoughtfully and effectively designed for the time period it was created in; however, schools, research, and society have dramatically changed since then. The agrarian calendar no longer makes sense, as we consider overcrowding in schools and the significant researc h regarding the â€Å"summer brain drain.† ThereRead MoreTeaching A Non Profit Organization Working784 Words   |  4 Pages Students need teachers in order to be successful. According to Alliance of Education over half a million teachers decide to leave teaching profession every year and costing the United States 2.2 billion (Haynes, 2014). New Teacher Center (NTC) a non-profit organization working all over the United States schools to form program that help with teacher effectiveness (Alliance for Education, 2014). The school district’s and states are hit in the pocket, but teacher and students pay the hardestRead MoreChallenges Facing the Accounting Profession Today700 Words   |  3 Pagesimportant of the rules. Finally, this work will address what should be done to address an ethical dilemma and specifically one involving one student observing another accounting student cheating on a test. I. Challenges the Accounting Profession Faces It is reported that organizations face a growing challenge for the recruitment, development and retention of finance professionals due to the rapid changes taking place in the accounting profession according to the Association of Chartered CertifiedRead MoreIdentifying Strategies to Improve African American College Student Retention and Graduation Rates1690 Words   |  7 PagesMinorities are a growing segment of the population. However, this group continues to be underrepresented in the area of post secondary education. Obtaining an advanced degree remains a likely predictor of future career success. The problem facing the minority student is that barriers persist which continue to hinder enrollment, retention, and graduation rates in institutions of higher education. These barriers must be identified and examined and solutions offered if college completion rates are toRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On Society1573 Words   |  7 PagesEd Stetzer, president of Lifeway Resear ch, writes, â€Å"If your student ministry is a four-year holding tank with pizza, don’t expect young adults to stick around.† Dr. Stetzer is referring to the current epidemic seen in America involving the church. American churches, and churches around the world, are experiencing a decrease in their attendance. At the current rate, less than ten percent of Americans will attend church, by the year 2050. The largest age group of those leaving the church is Generation

Building shelf management system Free Essays

Introduction to the undertaking Management system means the methods by which an administration programs, operates, and controls its activities to run into its ends and aims by using the resources of money, people, equipment stuffs and information. Management information systems are used by companies to assist maintain them more organized in certain parts of concerns. For illustration, companies use databases as a manner or hive awaying information as it helps them to entree informations more rapidly and remain more organized. We will write a custom essay sample on Building shelf management system or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is better than holding a paper-based system where relevant information can be lost or read falsely. Besides with paper-based systems, they take up a batch of room as you need a topographic point to hive away it all, for illustration, a filing cabinet. The undertaking I have decided to make will affect me analyzing, planing, and implementing a stock database system for warehouse operations in a little concern. In future this database could be used by other little concern companies as good. The company that I have decided to utilize is Biring ‘s News, which I have been working for over 4 old ages. The database will enable the company to pull off their stock that comes in and out of the warehouse. The ground I have chosen to make this company is due to the fact that I have been working at that place for such a long clip. I ‘ve learnt about how the concern itself runs and have seen jobs occur and become resolved or need to be resolved throughout the clip I have been at that place. Biring ‘s News has a concatenation of newsdealers which are based over Kent and London. The proprietors of the concern are ever either opening more stores in new locations or shuting them down in others. It would be utile for the company to hold a system that shows them how the stock is being managed, what is selling good and what is non. Background of the Company Biring ‘s News is owned by Jasbir Biring. They own a concatenation of newsdealers which are located in Kent and London. The stores are all situated within shopping Centres like Bluewater Shopping Centre and Westfield Shopping Centre. They sell a scope of stock such as, Sweets, drinks, magazines, coffin nails and newspapers. Biring ‘s News opened there first store in Lakeside shopping Centre, 1989, which was a great success and led them to open more and subdivision out towards London. In entire, the company has opened up to 8 newsdealers since 1989, some are still running and others have been sold on. At the minute, the company has one chief warehouse where all the stock is kept for all of Mr Biring ‘s stores ; so workers are ever in and out taking what they need when they want. The job with this is that there is no record of good coming in and good coming out, so there is no record of what points are low in stock and what points there are excessively much of. The result of this is that the director has jobs with stock that is non selling really good which leads to him holding excessively much in the warehouse which can besides so go out of day of the month, so he is losing out on money. Another job that would happen is that he may run low on stock that is high in demand ; therefore he will be losing out on gross revenues. The company besides have a concatenation of providers that they use. They use the same provider for magazines and newspapers as they receive that stock automatically on a day-to-day footing. When it comes to buying confectionary, they do non lodge to one provider. They go by which of all time supplier has the best monetary value for whatever they need or if any of them have particular offers. This is besides a job that leads to holding excessively much stock, as they are merely looking at what is on offer and merely buying it, even without detecting that they have plenty of the point in the warehouse. At the minute, the company has no record of what is kept in the warehouse, the lone manner of cognizing what is in the warehouse is by roll uping bills of what has been purchased or by staff advising the director about what is losing in the warehouse. Aim of Project The purpose of the undertaking is to: Write in item what the job is State how the job could be solved State how the system will work and what it is intended to make Identify all the demands for the system Analyse and plan the system that I intend to bring forth Implement the system Make a user usher for the company so that they are able to utilize the system Aim of the Undertaking The aim of the undertaking will enable the company to: Become more organized – they will be able to maintain path of what stock they have, so they wo n’t hold the job off holding excessively small stock or extra stock. Save money – the system will enable the company to salvage money as they will cognize what they have, so they will non purchase stock that is non required. Think of some more aims! ! ! Research Management information systems Management Information Systems can be used to treat informations into utile information. For illustration, it could be a system used to do orders. There are three types of direction information systems which are: Decision Support Systems Information coverage systems Executive information systems Decision Support systems This type of system allows strategic and tactical determinations to be made. Decision support systems are chiefly used to back up the tactical, semi structured determinations that need to be made as portion of the rating and planning of a concern. Executive information systems are targeted at strategic determination devising, which frequently involves unstructured determinations. This type of system is normally created by the terminal user as they are the 1s who normally use it. That manner they know how is works directly off. Examples of where determination support systems are used are to analyze informations and see if there are any tendencies, for case, looking at gross revenues figures over a period of clip. Information coverage systems This type of system helps companies as it produces studies which can assist them to do determinations within the company. For illustration, this type of system would assist Biring ‘s News as you could bring forth studies of what was in stock, so the director would hold an thought on what he needs to buy. There are two types of describing systems which are periodic studies and exclusion studies. Periodic studies are produced merely when required by determination shapers at regular intervals. Examples include a monthly fiscal statement and a hebdomadal gross revenues analysis. Exception studies are produced merely when asked for. This would be utile for Biring ‘s News as the director could easy publish a study out for himself whenever he needed it, for illustration, he would necessitate a transcript of the stock study when he planned to do an order from a provider. Executive information systems Provides senior directors with a system to help them in taking strategic and tactical determinations. Their intent is to analyze, comparison and highlight tendencies to assist regulate the strategic way of the company. They are normally integrated with operational systems, giving directors the installation to ‘drill down ‘ to happen farther information on the job. Off the Shelf package A criterion bing system is purchased from a package seller and installed on computing machines located within an administration. This type of package can be purchased by anyone and can be used to run by 1000s of people. You can buy many types of off the shelf package depending on what field you ‘re working in, for illustration, if you do photo use you could buy package such as Photoshop, which is really popular. With this type of package, it is moderately priced as it is popular. It is utile for smaller companies as they are chiefly capable of being able to make what the company wants. This package is non every bit utile to bigger companies as they prefer to hold package to make precisely what they want. For illustration, off the shelf package may hold characteristics that are non required by the company or they may be losing applications that the company needs. Bespoke package is a better option for much larger companies, as they can hold it produced to their demands. I will be bring forthing a stock database which will fit the demands for a warehouse storage system, so it will be able to be used by other smaller companies. The Waterfall theoretical account The waterfall theoretical account divides a undertaking up into phases. The theoretical accounts show that you should follow each phase in a specific order, as the diagram below indicates. Feasibility Study – This is the phase where the user has to research whether their planned undertaking is executable. The feasibleness is broken down into four stairss: Prepare for feasibleness survey by measuring the range of the undertaking. Define the job ( what should the new system do that the present 1 does non ) . Choose the best feasibleness option from those available ( typically up to five concern options and a similar figure of proficient options ) . Assemble the feasibleness study, including the principle for the selected option. Analysis – this can be broken down into two phases which are the probe of the current environment and concern systems options. Probe of the current environment – this is the most of import out of the two phases. For this, the user will hold made a list of all the demands in the feasibleness survey, so now they will hold to spread out on the demands and do them more elaborate by speaking about how they will be solved. They will besides hold to province what attributes and entities they will necessitate and how they will all be linked in the entity relationship diagram. They will besides hold to take a information theoretical account so they know how they are traveling to finish the undertaking and in what phases. The user will besides hold to set up the purposes and aims of the undertaking. Business system options – this phase comprises two stairss, the aims of which are to hold what the functionality should be. A figure of possible systems solutions for the perceived concern demands are formulated and the impacts and benefits of each will be evaluated. The solution selected will be the one that most closely catches the demands of the concern. The two stairss are: Define concern options Select concern option Design System design means that the developers describe in item how the system will work, what the end products will be and what inputs are needed. Similarly, processs are described and hardware demands defined. Execution This is the phase where you create the system. It should be made right under all the given demands. Care and Testing At this phase the system should be completed and tested to see if it works. A user usher should besides be created so it can state the user how to run and keep the package. Methodology I am traveling to utilize the Waterfall theoretical account to construction my undertaking. I have chosen this because it allows me to research all facets decently before traveling in front and making the system decently. This manner I will non hold the job of burying to add in parts or adding in applications that are non needed. I am traveling to bring forth a stock database system for the company warehouse, which could subsequently be used as an off the shelf bundle by other little warehouse companies. This system will enable the director keep his stock by ever holding a sufficient sum of all his stock. The system will work by holding all the provider information stored on the database. From there the director will be able to entree their web sites and look into what publicities they have and besides compare monetary values to see where he could acquire a better trade. He will besides be able to see all the stock he has in the warehouse. The stock will be shown under their appropriate headers, for illustration, Coke would be stored under drinks. Following to each point of stock, it will province how many of each is stored at the minute. Employee inside informations will besides be stored on the system so that they can entree the system to enter what they had took from the warehouse, so that all the stock de grees are shown right. To bring forth the system I will necessitate the undermentioned information to bring forth the system: Name callings and references of the newsdealers Warehouse inside informations – where it is located What stock is sold in the store What stock is stored in the warehouse ( magazines and newspapers are non stored at that place, is at that place anything else? ) How many providers they use Detailss of providers – what they specialise in selling Detailss of employees ( this is because they all have entree to the warehouse, so the director will necessitate to maintain path of what they are taking ) To happen out all the information I will carry on an interview with the director. Requirements for the system: Employee- Employees must hold their ain user name and watchword to log into the system ; this is to halt any unauthorized entree to the system. They must be able to hold entree to their inside informations so that they can change it if any alterations are needed to be made. They must be able to change the measure degrees of all the stock to maintain it updated. The inside informations that will be required of the employee are their first name, last name, which shop they work in, reference, contact figure. There should besides be a map that enables you to add and edit/delete employees. Supplier – The inside informations that will be required are the name of the provider, the reference, website reference, email reference, phone figure. There should besides be a map that enables the user to add and edit/delete providers. Shop- The inside informations that will be required are the names of the stores, what shopping Centres they are located within, and the reference, which employee works at that place. There should be a map available that allows the user to add and edit/delete stores. Warehouse- The inside informations that will be required for the warehouse is the warehouse figure, the reference, what is stored at that place. Stock- The inside informations that will be required is the name of everything that is sold in the store, for illustration, Sweets, magazines, coffin nails, etc. Besides you will necessitate to cognize the measure of it that is stored in the warehouse. There should be a map available that allows the user to add and edit/delete stock, either when they proprietor decides to halt selling it or when a new point is released in the market. Hazard Analysis Resources The package that I am traveling to utilize to make the information system is Microsoft Access. Microsoft Access is a Relational Database Management system. It is a really popular database system and it is easy to utilize. Microsoft Access database contains a figure of different applications ; some of them are table ‘s questions, signifiers, studies, macros and so on. Tables – these are used for informations storage. The tabular arraies are presented in rows and columns to the user so that they can input at that place informations. The tabular array is shown in a similar manner to a spreadsheet format as all the gridlines are seeable. Questions – they gather certain information from different tabular arraies and expose them all on one screen. Using a question you can alter the order of records ( screening ) , retrieve single records or groups of records ( seeking and filtrating ) , count, amount, norm, and otherwise summarize informations values ( collection ) and compute new values from values held in the tabular array ( computation ) . Forms – this allows information from tabular arraies to be displayed in a more professional manner. With signifiers you are able to add in images as you ca n’t infix them into tabular arraies. Reports- studies are used for showing information in different formats. They can besides incorporate images and graphs. Mentions Bocij, P, Chaffey, D, Greasley, A, Hickie S. ( 2006 ) Business Information Systems Prentice Hall, Pearson instruction. Chapters 6 A ; 7 Boddy, D, Boonstra, A, Kennedy, G ( 2002 ) Pull offing Information Systems Prentice Hall, Pearson instruction. Chapter 1 Dowling, N ( 1998 ) Database Design and Management utilizing Access Letts. Great Britain. Chapter 1 Glanss, T, Grad, B, Holstein, D, Meyers, W, Schmidt, R ( 1968 ) Management Systems United States of America. Chapter 1 Bibliography The hired Institute for IT. Retrieved on: 12/10/09, from the World Wide Web: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.bcs.org/server.php? show=ConWebDoc.2767 Hero Solutions. Retrieved on: 12/10/09, from the World Wide Web: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.hero-solutions.co.uk/articles/bespokevsofftheshelf.asp Microsoft Office Online. Retrieved on: 13/10/09, from the World Wide Web: hypertext transfer protocol: //office.microsoft.com/en-us/access/HA101656301033.aspx Microsoft Office Online. Retrieved on: 13/10/09, from the World Wide Web: hypertext transfer protocol: //office.microsoft.com/en-us/access/HA101650211033.aspx How to cite Building shelf management system, Essay examples